Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties

Electrophillic substitution reactions

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties uses

Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

Mechanism of dehydration

Methods of Preparation

Methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only)

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties

Physical and Chemical properties uses

Physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol

Uses of phenols, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol

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Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties

Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses

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Atomic and molecular masses

Chemical reaction

Dalton's atomic theory : Concept of elements, atoms and molecules

General introduction, importance and scope of chemistry

Laws of chemical combination

Mole concept and molar masses

Percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula

Stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry

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Biological functions of nucleic acids

Carbohydrates- Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance

Enzymes

Hormones - Elementary idea (excluding structure)

Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Proteins- Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins

Vitamins- Classification and function

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Bond parameters

Concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules

Geometry of molecules

Hydrogen bond

Ionic bond, covalent bond

Lewis structure

Polar character of covalent bond

Resonance

Valence bond

Valence electrons

VSEPR theory

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Activation energy, Arrhenius equation

Concentration, temperature, catalyst

Concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)

Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half -lives

Order and molecularity of a reaction

Rate of a reaction ( average and instantaneous ), factors affecting rates of reaction

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Chemical in medicines: Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines

Chemicals in food: Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants

Cleansing agents: Soaps and detergents, cleansing action

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Modern periodic law and long form of periodic table

Periodic trends in properties of elements- atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electronic gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence

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Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, biological systems)

Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour

Isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding

IUPAC Nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds

Magnetic properties and shapes

Werner's theory, VBT,CFT

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Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids

General introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals

General trends in properties of the first row transition metals,metallic character

Interstitial compounds, alloy formation

Ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties

Ionization enthalpy, oxidation states

Lanthanoid Contraction and its Consequences

Lanthanoids,electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity

Preparation and Properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4

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General introduction

Anomalous properties of the first element of each group

Biological importance of Mg and Ca

Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium

Diagonal relationship, trends in the variation of properties( such as ionization enthalpy atomic and ionic radii)

Electronic configuration, occurrence

Group 1 and group 2 elements

Industrial use of lime and lime stone

Preparation and properties of some important compounds:

Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate

Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens and uses

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Conductance in electrolytic solutions

Corrosion

Dry cell-electrolytic cells and galvanic cells

Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea)

EMF of a cell

Kohlrausch's law

Lead accumulator

Redox reactions

Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells

Specific and molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration

Standard electrode potential

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Acid rain ozone and its reactions

Chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs

Environmental pollution: air, water and soil pollution

Green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution

Greenhouse effect and globalwarming-pollution due to industrial wastes

Acid rain ozone, and its reactions

Effects and depletion of ozone layer

Strategy for control of environmental pollution

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Acid strength

Buffer solutions

Common ion effect (with illustrative examples)

Concept of pH

Degree of ionization

Dynamic nature of equilibrium

Equilibria involving chemical processes: law of chemical equilibrium

Equilibria involving physical processes: solid -liquid, liquid - gas and solid - gas equilibria

Equilibrium constants (KP and KC) and their significance

Factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst

General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes.

Henderson equation

Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions

Ionic equilibrium-ionization of acids and bases

Ionic equilibrium: weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes

Law of chemical equilibrium

Solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products

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Occurrence and principles of extraction of alumunium, copper, zinc, and iron

Principle and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining

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Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C –X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond

Optical rotation

Substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Uses and environment effects of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT

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Alkanes- Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis

Alkanes-Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties

Alkenes - geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization

Alkynes - acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization

Methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition

Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of- hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water

Aromatic hydrocarbons - introduction, IUPAC nomenclature

Benzene

Carcinogenicity and toxicity

chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution-Nitration sulphonation

Directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene

Halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation

Resonance, aromaticity

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Classification of hydrides - ionic, covalent and interstitial

Occurrence, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen

Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water

Hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses and structure

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Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds

Electronic displacements in a covalent bond

Free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles

Homolytic and Heterolytic fission of a covalent bond

Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation

General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitative analysis

Types of organic reactions

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Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character

Cyanides and isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places

Diazonium salts: preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses.

Identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines

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Classification - Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization

Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polyesters, Bakelite

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Balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers' occurrence

Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction

Redox reactions oxidation number

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Amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)

Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators

Calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, radius, ratio

Classification of solids based on different binding forces

Electric and magnetic properties

Molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids

Molecular

Packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects

Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices

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Abnormal value of molar mass

Colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure

Depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure

Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties abnormal molecular mass

Elevation of boiling point, depression freezing point, osmotic pressure

Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids

Raoult's law

Solubility of gases in liquids, solids solutions

Types of solutions

Van't Hoff factor

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Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids and alkalis

Boron, some important compounds: borax, boric acids, boron hydrides

Carbon, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties: uses of some important compounds: oxides

Electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity

General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element

General Introduction to p-block elements

Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group

Important compounds of silicon and a few uses : silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and zeolites, their uses

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Avogadro number

Boyle's law

Charle's law

Critical temperature

Deviation from ideal behaviour

Gay Lussac's law

Ideal gas equation

Intermolecular interactions

Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)

Liquefaction of gases

Liquid state - vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivation)

Melting and boiling points

Role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule

Three states of matter

Types of bonding

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Atomic number, isotopes and isobars,isoelectronic , isodiaphers species

Concept of orbitals

Concept of shells and subshells

De Broglie's relationship

Dual nature of matter and light

Electronic configuration of atoms

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Pauli exclusion principles and hund's rule

Quantum numbers

Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle

Shapes of s,p and d orbitals

Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

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Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids - freundlich and langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsoiption from solutions

Catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis

Lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids

Colloidal state: distinction between true solution, colloids and suspensions

Emulsion- types of emulsion

Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids

Lyophobic multi molecular and macro molecular colloids

Properties of colloids

Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation

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First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy

Heat capacity and specific heat

Measurement of u and h

Hess’s law of constant heat summation

Enthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution

Introduction of entropy as state function

Second law of thermodynamics, criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity

Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process

Third law of thermodynamics- Brief introduction

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